Mac - Terminal Note

Mac - Terminal Note

• Mac - Terminal Note
  • 文件目录
  • 基本命令
  • compile C++ in MAC
• compile C++/c in Win
• terminal
  • 将普通成员改为管理员？
  • virtualbox clone
  • brew
    • brew info [formula]
    • brew cleanup
    • brew doctor
    • brew update
    • brew upgrade
    • add line to .bash_profile
  • LaunchAgent — Run Scripts on Login / 登录时自动运行脚本
    • When to Use What / 选哪种方式
    • Plist Structure / Plist 文件结构
    • launchctl Commands / 常用命令
    • Wrapper Script Pattern / 包装脚本模式
    • Common Gotchas / 常见坑

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文件目录

” / “ ：根目录 “ ~ “ ：用户主目录的缩写。例如当前用户为hello，那么” ~ “展开来就是：/Users/hello “ . “ ：当前目录 “..” ：父目录

基本命令

1. clear 清空当前输入

2. history 查看输入历史记录

• 上下方向键
• history查看输入的完整历史

  600  ls
  601  cd Public/
  602  ls
  603  cd /
  604  ls
  605  cd ..
  606  ls
  607  cd /
  608  ls
  609  history
  610  history

compile C++ in MAC

g++ is the C++ compiler frontend to GCC. gcc is the C compiler frontend to GCC.

g++ hw.cpp ./a.out

compile C++/c in Win

terminal

ifconfig in mac ipconfig in win

将普通成员改为管理员？

• 按住command+s，再按开机键。
• 需先登录进系统，出现命令行终端的时候按照以下顺序输入命令：

/sbin/mount -uaw
rm var/db/.applesetupdone
reboot

• reboot完成后，创建一个新的用户，按照提示操作。
• 新用户创建后，打开系统偏好设置-用户与群组点击原来的普通用户，右侧有个“允许用户管理这台电脑”，打勾然后重启。
• 这样就可以以管理员的身份登录到你原来的系统，再把刚新创建的管理员账户删除就可以了。

virtualbox clone

common-lisp
J:~ my_path$ cd /Users/my_path/VirtualBox\ VMs/win0.0
J:win0.0 my_path$ ls
Logs   win0.0.vbox-prev
share   win0.0.vdi
win0.0.vbox
J:win0.0 cuihua$ VBoxManage clonehd win0.0.vdi win0.vdi
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Clone medium created in format 'VDI'. UUID: 984e9128-1326-40d6-a192-c65e674f7da8

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brew

brew info [formula]

get details about options on any Homebrew formula

brew info [formula]

brew cleanup

brew doctor

brew update

brew upgrade

add line to .bash_profile

• adding the following line at the bottom of your ~/.bashrc file.
• export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

1. to append the line to your .bash_profile: echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH' >>~/.bash_profile

2. command

#Start up Terminal
$ cd ~/                 # go to your home folder
$ touch .bash_profile   # create your new file
$ open -e .bash_profile # open it in TextEdit
$ . .bash_profile       # to reload&update .bash_profile

1. Open the TextEdit app Navigate to File → Open…. In the center drop down, be sure to select Home. Or, select the Home directory in the left pane. Then, use “COMMAND+SHIFT+.” to show hidden files:

.bash_profile is a script that is executed each time you start a new shell. On Linux, it's called under different circumstances than .bashrc, but on OS X, they work exactly the same way. Any command you add to the file will be run whenever you open a new terminal window (thus starting a new interactive shell).

$PATH is a variable that tells the shell where to look for executable files - so when you type a command, the system will search each directory specified in that variable until it finds an executable program with that command's name.

The command `export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH` prepends the directory `/usr/local/bin` to the current PATH, so it becomes the first directory searched by the shell.

.bash_profile just a normal plain text file - you can edit it with any text editor, including vi or nano, or even a graphical editor like TextEdit. It's up to you - just remember to save it as a plain-text file.

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LaunchAgent — Run Scripts on Login / 登录时自动运行脚本

macOS uses launchd as its init system.

• A LaunchAgent is a user-level job that runs automatically at login
• the correct tool for scripts that must execute once per restart, not once per terminal window.

When to Use What / 选哪种方式

Method / 方式	When it runs / 触发时机	Use case / 适用场景
.zshrc	Every new terminal tab / 每次打开终端	Aliases, env vars
.zprofile	Login shell only / 仅登录 shell	One-time env setup
launchd LaunchAgent	Every user login / 每次用户登录	Run once per boot/login
launchd StartInterval	Every N seconds continuously / 定时循环	Recurring background tasks

Plist Structure / Plist 文件结构

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN"
  "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>com.yourname.job-name</string>

    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>/bin/bash</string>
        <string>/path/to/your/script.sh</string>
    </array>

    <!-- Run once at login / 登录时执行一次 -->
    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>

    <!-- Optional: repeat every 7h / 可选：每 7 小时重复 -->
    <!-- <key>StartInterval</key> <integer>25200</integer> -->

    <key>StandardOutPath</key>
    <string>/Users/you/Library/Logs/job-name.log</string>
    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
    <string>/Users/you/Library/Logs/job-name-error.log</string>
</dict>
</plist>

Place the plist at: ~/Library/LaunchAgents/<label>.plist

Plist 文件放在：~/Library/LaunchAgents/<标签名>.plist

launchctl Commands / 常用命令

# Register / 注册并加载（重启后自动恢复）
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.yourname.job-name.plist

# Unload / 卸载
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.yourname.job-name.plist

# Check if running / 查看是否在运行
launchctl list | grep yourname

# Trigger manually / 立即手动触发一次
launchctl start com.yourname.job-name

# View logs / 查看日志
tail -f ~/Library/Logs/job-name.log

Wrapper Script Pattern / 包装脚本模式

LaunchAgents do not inherit your shell PATH. Always use absolute paths.

LaunchAgent 不继承 shell 的 PATH，脚本中必须使用完整绝对路径。

#!/bin/bash
set -e
export PATH="/Users/you/.pyenv/shims:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"

cd /path/to/project
python3 scripts/my_script.py --flag value

Make executable: chmod +x /path/to/script.sh

Common Gotchas / 常见坑

Issue / 问题	Fix / 解决方案
Script works manually but fails via launchd	PATH not inherited — use absolute paths / 用完整路径
launchctl load succeeds but nothing runs	Check stderr log / 查看 error log
Plist changes not taking effect	unload first, then load / 先卸载再重新加载
Script runs on every terminal open	Wrong trigger — you used .zshrc / 误用了 zshrc
Need periodic refresh (e.g. 8h token)	Add StartInterval (25200 = 7h) / 加 StartInterval